Method of making double walled vessels



R. A. GULICK Jan. 11, 1944.

, METHOD OF MAKING DOUBLE WALLED VESSELS Filed March 19, 1942 Patented Jan. 11, 1944 1 METHOD OF 2,339,221 MAKING noomn wman VESSELSv Russell A. Gullck, L'ynnfield, Mass., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Stator Corporation, a corporation of Delaware Application March 19, 1942, Serial No. 435,251

13 Claims.

This invention relates to an improvement'in the manufacture of double walled vessels of the type having nested inner and outer containers with a ring of cement in the circumferential space between the containers near their'upper ends, such ring serving to connect the containers and seal the space therebetween. Such vessels are useful as containers for foods and liquids such as tumblers, cocktail shakers, ice pails, tea pots, butter dishes, etc. v

The primary objectof this invention is to provide a method of making such vessels which is simple and eflicient in operation, which provides an effective seal between the two containers, and which may utilize any liquid or tainer is raised by any suitable means and the heated container nested with the inner container with its mouth'within said ring and resting upon the shoulder of the inner container. A predetermined quantity of cement in fluid condition is introduced into the space provided between the outer surface of the outer container and the ring, and the outer container is cooled the air in the space between the containers, and

semi-plastic cement which is best suited to the material of which the containers are formed and the uses to which the resulting vessel is to be put. Other objects are to provide means for carrying out such method which are simple and inexpensive to construct, which are durable and reliable in operation and by which a satisfactory product is uniformly produced.

In one aspect the invention involves a method of making double walled vessels of the type having inner and outer-containers nested together with a sealing space therebetween inside the mouth of the outer container and a cement gasket in the space, whcih comprises inverting both containers, forming a pool of cement around the inner container, immersing theedge of the outer container in the pool with some of the cement extending into sa'idspace, and then permitting the cement in the space to set.

In another aspect the invention involves a method of building a ring of cement for connecting the containers of a double walled vessel in which the inner container is nested in an outer container with the mouth of the inner container projecting beyond the mouth of the outer cn-' tainer to form the lip of the vessel, such ring of .cement being in contact with the inner face of the outer container adjacent its mouth and the outer face of the inner container along an annular zone below the mouth thereof and separated from the lip by an annular shoulder. Specifically the method comprises the following steps: The lip portion of the inner container is surrounded by a metal ring which includes a band of rubber or other compressible material which covers the outer surface of the lip up to said shoulder while the ring extends a substantial distance beyond said shoulder. The outer surface of the mouth of. the outer container -is masked, the temperature of the conthe expansion of the airresults in expelling some of the air' from the space. This action takes place before the cement is introducedlinto the space between the outer container and the ring. The cooling of the outer container. re verses the action, the differential in air pressure causingthe cement to be drawn into the space between the mouth of the .outer container to form agasket which completely seals the space between the containers.

The, cement used to form the gasket is pref-,

erably of the type which hardens relatively slowly, i. e., from twenty to twenty-four hours at room temperature before it completely sets..

During this setting period the ring and masking tape 'areremoved from the vessel. The ring is 2 handled without injury to the seal, and while the cement is'still softenough so that'any e-x cess on the'outer surface of the vessel can be dislodged easily with abrasive or solvent, a suitable tool, such as a narrow blade, may be used to remove and trim any excess cement in the crack along the line of contact between the shoulder l6 of the inner container II and the rim of the;outer container l2.

These and, otherobjects of the invention will appear from an examination of the following. description and of the accompanying drawing in which:

Fig. '1 is a view in elevation of a double walled vessel made in accordance with this invention;'

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 with thescontainers nested,'and the cement being supplied to the space between. the outer container'and the ring;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of one'comerof the vessel with the ringof'cement in final position;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the ring adapted to be mounted upon' the-inner container asv shown in Fig. 4; andv Fig. 8 is a top plan view of such ring. The invention will be described as employed in the manufacture of a double walled vessel I of the outer container with the mouth of the outer container adjacent to or in contact with the shoulder l6.

In the drawing, the lip II of the inner container is shown of such length that when the containers are assembled it extends an appreciable distance beyond the mouth of the outer container. However, it will be understood that the lip may be of any length desired, depending, for example, upon theme to which the vessel is intended to be put. In fact, the lip I! may, under certain conditions, terminate at the shoulder Ii. v V v The outer container i2 is out of contact with the inner container except possibly at the shoulder It, thus providing a space I! in which may be'placed suitable insulating material It. The

space H has an annular outlet defined by the mouth of the outer container l2 and the adjacent wall of the inner container H.- A gasket 20 in such outlet having contact with the inner surface of the outer container adjacent its mouth and the outer surface of the inner container ad- Jacent the shoulder I! seals the space I I and connects the containers.

The method and means by which the gasket 2|! is'fonned in situ constitutes the presentinvention. In brief, the gasket 20 is preferably of liquid or semLplastic cement which possesses the property of plasticity whereby uniform distribution may be obtained at the time the gasket is formed and which thereafter slowly solidifies and hardens and which should possess the following characteristics: good adhesion to the. containers, approximately the same coefiicient of expansion as the material fromwhich the containers are formed; substantially no shrinkage or expansion on setting; resistant to water andpreferably also to alcohol; and substantially non-porous.

The lip I I of the inner' container is surrounded by a ring 2! usually and preferablyv of metal having an inner lining 28 of rubber or other commessible material. The lining II covers the outer surface of the lip and forms with the shoulder It the bottom of an; annular channel 21 open at the top and having side walls formed by the outer surface of the inner container and the Dori gilognff theiring 2| beyond the lining. 26.' (See When the'outer container is nested with an inner container having its lip surrounded by the ring 2!, the mouth of the outer containerenters the channel 21, as shown, and divides it into inner and outer pockets 2| and 28, respectively, in Fig. 5. Previous to such nesting, however, the

supported on legs. 33.

oil, is mounted below the table 3|.

assess:

outer surface of the outer container adjacent its mouth is covered or masked as by a strip of tape 30 (Fig. 2), and thereafter is heated as shown in Fig. 3. The heating means employed comprises a table 3! having a central opening 32 therein and Theopening 32 in the tablev 3| may be Omitted if desired. Suitable heating means, such as a burner 34 for ga or I The outer container is inverted on the table 31 and remains there until its temperature has been raised to the extent found to be desirable.

The heated outer container is thereupon nested with the inner container as shown in Fig. 5. The heat emanating from the outer container acts to raise the temperature of the air trapped in the space H, causing it'to expand rapidly so that an appreciable portion of the air, thus heated and expanded, escapes from the space I! through the pockets 28 and 29 since the edge of the outer container rests lightly only on the shoulder l6.

A predetermined amount of cement is now fed into the pocket 29 as by a, nozzle 35, and at the same time or shortly thereafter the temperature of the outer container I2 is lowered by any suitable cooling means such as a blast of cold air through a nozzle 38 or by 'a fanor by applying ice directly to the bottom wall of the container or by suitable means. The cement is usually of such consistency that it flows very slowly, and hence either the nozzle 35 i moved around the vessel or the vessel is rotated so that the entire pocket 29 is uniformly supplied with cement. The cooling of the previously heated and expanded air remaining in the space I! causes contraction of that air so that the fluid cement in the pocket 29 not only flows into the pocket 28 but i in fact forced into the pocket 28 by the pressure exerted by the outside air. The amount of cement fed to the pocket 29 is such that the pocket 28 is, as shownin Fig. 6, substantially filled evenly by the cement which, when it has set, forms. the gasket 20.

v Th setting of the cement takes place ,while the vessel I 0 is allowed to stand through a period of twenty to twenty-four hours at room temperature, which period may, if desired, be reduced by the application of heat. During this setting period, the ring 25, masking tape 30 and any excess cement left on th outer surface of the vessel are removed so that when the cement has completely set the vessel is finished. The ring 25 is detached from the inner container as soon as the cement has started to set, usually after the vessel has stood from ten to twenty minutes. This is a relatively simple operation, the ring being, as set forth below, soaconstructed that it can be detached without materially disturbing the relation of the'contalners. The removal of the masking tape and'the excess -cement requires much more handling of the vessel and hence is delayed until the cementhas set sufilciently so that the seal will not b -broken or the connection ofthe cement withthe containers will not be impaired. It has been found that, with a cement which forms a propergasket, the vessel should be allowed to stand approximately four hours at normalaroom itemperature'after the ring has been detached before this second handling takes place.

The ring 28 may be of any desired construction to facilitate its applicationto and removal from the-lip II. The form of ring 25 shown in the drawing has proven satisfactory and comprises two semi-circular bands permanently joined at plied to the channel 21 in the form of a non continuous band having one or more gaps therein. The unheated outer container I2 havingthe masking tape 30 thereon is then nested with the inner container, its mouth being forced into the mass of cement until it reaches, the shoulder I6. I

The excess air trapped between the walls of the containers escapes through the gapor gaps in containers II and I! are connected. The detach- I ing of the ring 25, stripping off of the masking tape 30 and removing'of the excess cement are performed in the manner previously described.

From the foregoing it will be evident that instead of telescoping the two containers together before the cement is poured into the channel 21, the cement may be poured'in before the outer container is nested. In either case a poolof cement is formed around the inner container and the edge of the outer container is immersed in the pool. 7

It will be noted that in both embodiments of the invention described in detail an essential feature of the invention is the removal of air from the space I! and its replacement by the gasket 20. In the first method this feature is attained ment in said channel to velosethe outlet to said space and form a gasket in said outlet.

2. In the art of making double walled vessels of the type havinginner and outer containers nested together with an annular spacetberebetween having an annular outlet at the'mouth of the outer container and a cement gasket insaid a space by which the containers are connected and the outlet of the space is sealed, .the method which comprises the steps of nesting the containers in an inverted position, introducing a non-continuous band of cement having a gap therein into said space, the air displaced by the cement being expelled from the space through the gap in the band of cement and setting up relative rotation between said containers to close said gap..

I 3. In. the art of making double walledvessels of the type including inner and: outer containers nested together and a gasket sealing the outlet of the space between the two containers, the mouth of the inner container having a lip pro.- jecting below the mouth of the outer container, that method which comprises mountingupon the mouth of the inner container a ring which forms an annular channel with the outerffaceof the inner container, forming in-said ohanel anoncontinuous band. of cement having at least one gap therein, nesting the two containers, the mouth of the outer container enteringthe band ofcement in the channel and defining with the inner container the outlet from said space, and setting up relative rotation between the containers to close 'thegap in the cement-and form a by varying the temperature of the airin the space v container I2 enters the channel the cementpartially fills the space H, and the air thus displaced is expelled through the gap or gaps in the band.

Upon completionof this movement a relative rotation of the containers causes the cement in the space I? to close the gap or gaps and form the gasket 20. I J

While two embodiments of this invention have been described in detail, it will be understood that the invention is not limited thereto, and that the inventionincludes other embodiments which fall within the spirit and scope. of the following claims.

Iclaim:

1. In the art of making double walled vessels of the type including inner and 'outer containers nested together and a gasket sealing the outlet of the space between the two containers, the mouth of the inner container projecting below the mouth of the outer container, that method which comprises telescoping the two containers together, mounting upon the mouth of the inner container a ring which forms an annular chancontinuous band of cement which seals the outlet.

4. In the-art of making double walled vessels of thetype including inner and, outer containers nested together and a cement gasket sealing the outlet of the space between .the twocontainers, the method which comprises telescoping thetwo containers together, applying fluid cement to said outlet, and producing a difference of pressure inside and outside said space, with the outside pressure greater than the inside pressure, to cause the cement. to flow into the outlet.

5, In the art of making double walled vessels of thetype including inner and outer containers nested together and a cement gasket sealing the outlet of the space between the two containers, themethod' which comprises telescoping the two containers together, with the nested containers-in inverted position immersing saidfloutlet in a'pool of cement, and producinga diflerenceoi pressure inside and outsides'aid space, with the outside pressure greater than the inside pressure, cause the cement to flow into the outlet. I

6. In the art of "makingdouble walled vessels of, the type including inner and outer containers nested together and a cement gasket sealing the outlet of the-space between the two containers, the mouth of the inner container projecting beyond the mouth of the outer container, the methnel with the outer face of the inner container, the v mouth of the outer container entering said chanoutlet from said space, and forming a pool of eeliquid cement into saidchannel to a depth sumcient tocover said outlet, and producing a diflerence of pressure inside and outside said space, I, with the outside pressure greater than the inside pressure, to cause the cement to flow into the outlet. v V f g g 7. The method of making double walled vessels of the type including inner and outer containers nested with'a space therebetween and a" cement gasket connecting the opposed faces'of the containers and sealing said space, which method comprises the'following steps: nesting the inner and outer containers, expanding the air in the space between the containers, supplying a body of cement in fluid condition at the outlet of said space and-contracting the air in said space whereby the difierential in air pressure causes cement to enter the outlet and form a gasket between the containers. g

8. The method of making double walled vessels of the type including inner and outer containers nested with a space therebetween and a cement gasket connecting the opposed faces of the containers and sealing said space, which method comprises the following steps: nesting the inner and outer containers, heating the air in the space between the containers, supplying a body of cement in fluid condition at the outlet of said space and chilling the air in said space, whereby the difierential in air pressure set up by the cooling air causes cement to enter the outlet and forms a gasket between the containers.

9. The method of making double walled vessels of the type including inner and outer containers nested with a space therebetween and acement gasket connecting the opposed faces of the con tainers'and-sealing said space, the mouth of the inner container projecting beyond the mouth of the outer container, whichmethod comprises the following steps: mounting a ring upon the mouth of the inner container, nesting the c on tainers, the mouth of the outer container'being surrounded bysaid ring to define an annular pocket, expanding the air in the space between the containers, supplying cement in fluid condi-' tion to said pocket, which cement covers the outlet of said space and contracting the air in said space whereby the 'difierential in air pressure causes cement from the pocket to enter through said outlet and form a gasket between the eontainer s.

10. The method of making double walled vessels oi the type including inner and outer containersnested with a space therebetweenand a cement gasket connecting the opposed faces of the containers and sealing said space, the mouth of the inner container projecting beyond the mouth of the outer container and forming a lip, which method comprises the following steps: mounting a ring on the outer surface of said lip, which ring projects rearwardly from the mouth of the container, heating one of the containers, nesting the containers, the mouth of the outer container being surrounded by said ring and forming a pocket therewith, supplying cement in fluid condition to said pocket, which cement covers the outlet of said space and cooling the containers whereby the air in the space is cooled and the difie'rential in air pressure thus set .up causes cement in the pocket to enter through said outlet and form a gasket between the containers.

12. The method of making'double walled vessels of the type including inner and outer containers nested with a space therebetween and a cement gasket connecting the opposed faces of the containers and sealing said space, the mouth of the inner container projecting beyond the mouth of the outer container and forming a lip, which method comprises the following steps: mounting a ring on the outer surface of said lip, which ring projects rearwardly from the mouth of the container, heating one of the con tainers, nesting the containers, the mouth of the outer container being surrounded by said ring and forminga pocket therewith, supplying cement in fluid condition to said pocket, which cement covers the outlet of said space and cooling the heated container whereby the air in the space is cooled, and the differential in air pressure thus set up causes cement in the pocket to enter through said outlet and form, a gasket between the containers. 7

13 The method of making double walled vessels of the type including inner and outer containers nested with a space therebetween and a cement gasket connecting the opposed faces of the containers and sealing said space, the mouth of I the inner container projecting beyond the mouth of the outer container and forminga li which method comprises the following steps:

mounting a ring on the outer surface of said lip, which ring projects rearwardly from the mouth of the container, heating the outer container, nesting the containers, the mouth of the outer container being surrounded by said ring and forming a pocket therewith, supplying cement in fluid conditionto said pocket, which cement covers theoutlet of said space and cooling the outer container whereby the air in the space is cooled and the diiferential in air pressure thus set up causes cement in the pocket to enter through the outlet and form a gasket between the containers. p

- RUSSELL A. GULICK. 

